Snake Plant Care Guide: Cultivation Tips and Propagation Techniques
The Dracaena trifasciata, commonly known as “mother-in-law’s tongue” or “snake plant,” is an evergreen perennial recognized for its dense strands and upright, sword-shaped leaves. These leaves, growing from a basal rosette, are typically dark green with light gray-green cross-banding, reaching lengths of 70–90 centimeters (2.3–3.0 ft) and widths of 5–6 centimeters (2.0–2.4 in). Under optimal conditions, this resilient plant can surpass heights of 2 meters (6 ft).
Its name, trifasciata, derives from “three bundles,” referencing its appearance. Employing crassulacean acid metabolism, this plant efficiently exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide, enabling it to endure drought conditions. Notably, its stomata, microscopic pores facilitating gas exchange, open at night to minimize water loss in hot daytime temperatures.
As a houseplant, it’s prized for its low-maintenance requirements, thriving with minimal water and sunlight. Blooming outside its natural habitat is challenging, with its flowers varying in color and fragrance.
Named for its leaf shape and sharp margins resembling snakes, it’s also referred to as “Saint George’s sword” or “viper’s bowstring hemp,” as it historically provided fibers for bowstrings.
While it yields bowstring hemp and serves ornamental purposes, particularly indoors in cooler climates, its slow air filtration rate limits practical indoor use despite its potential to eliminate toxins.
Snake plants, or Sansevieria trifasciata, are wonderful low-maintenance houseplants. Here’s a guide on caring for them and propagating new plants:
Care:
Light: Snake plants tolerate various light conditions, from low to bright indirect light. They’ll thrive in bright, indirect sunlight but can also do well in low-light areas.
Watering: These plants are quite drought-tolerant. Allow the soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can cause root rot, so it’s better to err on the side of underwatering.
Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix. A cactus or succulent mix is suitable, ensuring it doesn’t retain too much water.
Temperature: Snake plants prefer temperatures between 60–80°F (15–27°C). They can handle slightly cooler temperatures but should be protected from frost.
Humidity: They can adapt to various humidity levels but prefer average indoor humidity.
Fertilization: Feed sparingly during the growing season with a balanced houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength.
Repotting: These plants don’t need frequent repotting. Repot when the plant outgrows its container, typically every 2-3 years.
Propagation:
Leaf Cuttings:
- Cut a healthy leaf into several sections, each about 2-3 inches long.
- Lay the cuttings on a paper towel for a day or two to allow the cut ends to callus over.
- Plant the cuttings in a well-draining soil mix, burying them about an inch deep.
- Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry between waterings.
Rhizome Division:
- Remove the plant from its pot and gently separate the rhizomes.
- Cut or divide the rhizomes into sections, ensuring each section has roots attached.
- Replant the divisions in separate pots or in the same pot with fresh soil.
Offsets:
Sometimes, snake plants produce offsets or pups. These can be separated from the parent plant and potted individually.
Propagation Tips:
- It’s best to propagate during the growing season (spring/summer) when the plant is more active.
- Use well-draining soil for newly propagated plants to prevent water logging.
- Newly propagated plants may take some time to establish their roots, so be patient with their growth.
Snake plants are generally forgiving and resilient, making them excellent choices for both beginner and experienced plant enthusiasts.
Caution is advised with pets, as the plant contains mildly toxic saponins that can cause gastrointestinal upset in dogs and cats.
Cultivars with variegated foliage, such as ‘Compacta’, ‘Laurentii’, and ‘Golden Hahnii’, have been cultivated, each showcasing unique patterns and colors. Varieties like ‘Bantel’s Sensation’ and ‘Golden Hahni’ have earned the Royal Horticultural Society’s recognition.
Across different cultures, this plant holds significance. In Africa, specific cultivars are linked to Orishas in religious practices i.e. in rituals to remove the evil eye. In Brazil, its common name, Espada de São Jorge, connects it to Saint George and Orisha Ogun, symbolizing various aspects of their lore and rituals.